Exendin-4 regulates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways to alleviate the osteogenic inhibition of periodontal ligament stem cells in a high glucose environment
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3-5 Microbial metabolites, such as secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and others within the gut microbiota, trigger GLP-1 secretion
Louis Aronne, director of comprehensive weight control center, Weill Cornell Medicine
Whereas the TMPRSS2-PAR2 pathway is a predominant homeostatic driver of GIP in physiological conditions, in obesity TMPRSS2 deletion fails to reduce GIP and, presumably, GIP-dependent weight gain