10.1089/thy.2010.0396 8 BarbieriF.WrthR.PattarozziA.VerduciI.MazzolaC.CattaneoM
Key Points Native human GLP-1 normalizes hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the short in vivo half-life of this hormone limits its therapeutic application A number of synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonists, with half-lives between 23 h and several days, have been developed for the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as exenatide and lixisenatide) predominantly lower postprandial glucose levels and insulin concentrations via retardation of gastric emptying Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide long-acting release and liraglutide) predominantly lower blood glucose levels through stimulation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon levels Adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, injection-site reactions, antibody formation and increased heart rate This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF
Use backup contraception methods like condoms for at least 4 weeks after starting Retatrutide and after each dose increase
The hypothalamus, particularly the arcuate nucleus, contains GLP-1 receptors that modulate hunger and satiety signals
Oxytocin serves multiple purposes, such as promoting trust between people, moderating our response to threats, and supporting lactation and mother-child bonding
