When NRF2 translocates to the nucleus, it binds antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of GST genes, upregulating their expression
Completion of an isotretinoin course often leads to longterm remission in many patients, although some may require maintenance or adjunctive treatments to prevent recurrence or manage residual inflammation
This review presents a concise history of the discoveries of GIP and GLP-1, explores the physiology and pharmacology of incretins and their synthetic mimetics, and discusses the therapeutic applications of the USA FDA-approved GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists
The most serious risk, lactic acidosis, is extremely rare (estimated at 1-5 cases per 100,000 patient-years) and occurs almost exclusively in patients with severe kidney impairment or acute illness
Disulfidptosis is a regulatory form of cell death induced by disulfide stress (Liu et al., 2023a), which is caused by an imbalance of the intracellular glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems, leading to the accumulation of disulfide bonds
