Neurite length was increased in neurons treated with oxyntomodulin (*p = 0.04), exendin-4 (*p = 0.01) and GLP-1 (*p = 0.04), compared to controls (culture medium), (paired t -Test, data from n = 4 experiments, 3050 neurons per treatment in each experiment (Fig 9A9E)
GLP-1 GLP-1 is secreted by the pancreas and by intestinal L-cells in response to glucose-induced insulin release (177, 178)
Human microbiota peptides: important roles in human health
Forty-two Parkinsons patients (21 men and 21 women) were included in this trial (NCT02445651)
They function by mimicking the action of GLP-1 hormone, which plays a crucial role in stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying to suppress appetite, thereby regulating blood sugar levels and resulting in weight loss