Absorption matters
Unfortunately, our hormones did not get the memo that we still have places to go, people to see, and jeans wed really like to button comfortably

It is rhythmically expressed across multiple tissues including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), liver, and retina and its deletion disrupts clock gene expression in both central and peripheral oscillators ( Cellular overexpression of USP2 enhances PER1-mediated repression on CLOCK/BMAL1 transcriptional activity by promoting PER nuclear retention, and consistently, USP2 knockout mice exhibit increased cytoplasmic PER1 and dampened PER2 and REV-ERB rhythmicity ( USP2 deletion in mice impairs synchrony among SCN neurons, dampens molecular rhythms, and alters behavioral circadian outputs, reinforcing USP2s role in maintaining coherence within the central clock network ( 4.2.5 USP7 USP7, also known as HAUSP (Herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease), has been implicated in circadian rhythms by stabilizing CRY1 and CRY2 proteins through deubiquitination ( Importantly, Usp7 have not yet been defined

However, levels of glutathione decrease due to factors like aging, UV exposure, and poor lifestyle habits
When administered directly to the bloodstream as part of the IV drip, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids are directly absorbed at the cellular level