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The results were striking: Genes upregulated by GHK-Cu include: Collagen I, III, and VII synthesis genes (structural repair) Decorin and proteoglycan genes (extracellular matrix integrity) Antioxidant defense genes (SOD2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) BDNF and nerve growth factor genes (neural repair and neuroprotection) Anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-10, TGF-1) Angiogenesis genes (VEGF, angiopoietin new blood vessel formation) Stem cell self-renewal pathways Genes downregulated by GHK-Cu include: Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1) Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3 (enzymes that degrade collagen and connective tissue) Oxidative stress genes Pathways associated with cancer progression and metastasis The pro-inflammatory gene suppression is particularly notable
The route of administration for gut indications differs from musculoskeletal use
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2008
Solution for injection Therapeutic indications Treatment of Addisonian Pernicious anaemia
A healthcare professional will administer Stamina B12 Injection
