Tissue Cell 87, 102328
Efforts by pharmaceutical companies to identify various HIF-1a stabilizers represents one of the greatest potential threats to anti-doping efforts, due to the ever increasing number of identified compounds that stabilize HIF-1a, including many common over the counter medications and legal supplements
Hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate monocyte adhesion via integrin 1 (ITG1)-dependent pathways [140], whereas IRE1A activation in hepatocytes induces the release of ceramide-enriched EVs, which further recruit monocyte-derived macrophages and exacerbate liver inflammation [141]
These include CoQ10, idebenone, EPI-743, N-acetylcysteine, elamipretide, RT001, KH176, omaveloxolone, bezafibrate, pioglitazone, deferiprone, sodium dichloroacetate, L-arginine, interferon-gamma (IFN-), recombinant human erythropoietin, deoxynucleotide monophosphate and deoxynucleoside, among others
Contraindications: Patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) should not use this drug