2021: An RCT of 76 women (average age 55) with obesity and knee osteoarthritis found 1 g/day L-carnitine for 12 weeks did NOT reduce pain, stiffness, or improve physical function versus placebo [3][52]
However, it can also cause side effects like nausea, bloating, constipation, or stomach discomfort
Exercise naturally stimulates growth hormone release, and Ipamorelin can amplify this response for enhanced recovery [3]
The authors thank Lene Wither Takla (Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, Denmark) for expert technical assistance with conducting the animal studies, Heidi Solvang Nielsen (Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, Denmark) for dissection of the hippocampus for RNA-seq and histology, as well as Esther Bloem and Susanne Jrgensen for assistance with protein assays (Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, Denmark)
Not because the peptide is underdosed, but because the biological substrate it depends on isn't optimized