Nasal mucosal absorption allows systemic peptide uptake without injection, though published pharmacokinetic data indicates lower and more variable bioavailability compared to the injectable route
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol (2001) 28:559
Health and Human Services budget note does, however, provide a caveat about its analysis of fiscal impact, which is based on a short-term calculation tied directly to changes in managed care rates
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"The popularity and the cost of GLP-1 RAs are such that we need more studies like this to better understand the benefits of these products in clinical practice, especially for individuals that might be under-represented in clinical trials," says study corresponding author G