doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1514062 Received 19 October 2024 Accepted 13 December 2024 Published 06 January 2025 Volume 12 - 2024 Edited by Ping Li, Shandong University, Weihai, China Reviewed by Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Assiut University, Egypt Jiawei Li, Southern University of Science and Technology, China Updates Copyright 2025 Elas, Ramirez Vieytez, Funoy Sayar, Loaisiga, Harper and Doll
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Dysfunction in mitochondria can lead to electron leakage in the electron transport chain, resulting in overproduction of ROS such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide ( Endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), responsible for protein synthesis and folding, is vulnerable to oxidative stress