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Paradoxically, prolonged preoperative fasting exacerbates perioperative risks through gut dysbiosis, hypercatabolism, and stress axis activation, thereby potentiating PND pathogenesis (Kotekar et al., 2018

Gao W, Liang J, Pizzul L, Feng XM, Zhang K, Castillo MdelP

Although SGLT2 inhibitors, metformin, and other agents are well-documented to modulate multiple RCD pathways, it remains unclear whether their clinical renoprotective efficacy is strictly dependent on the specific cell death modality dominant at different stages of DKD progression

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In contrast, the oxytocin metabolite OT(49) enhanced sociability in BALB/cByJ mice in a dose-dependent manner, with effects persisting up to 12 days after treatment, though without changes in repetitive behaviors [39]