Researchers examine how KPV blocks the nuclear translocation of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-$\kappa$B) in both intestinal epithelial cells and active immune cells, subsequently shutting down the transcription and downstream secretion of damaging pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, and IL-6
if a patient is on blood pressure-lowering drugs (such as beta blockers, alpha-1 blockers, or vasodilators), niacinamide injections could lead to an additive drop in blood pressure
Like any injection, there may be some bruising, redness, and soreness at the injection site.
A good surgeon will give you a clear answer about what is reasonable, what is unproven, and what they would recommend you avoid
Too much water and your doses become impractical, requiring volumes that overflow your syringe