Emodin and aloe-emodin are isomers with inhibitory effects on CYP1B1 activity (Meng et al., 2022)
This leads to increase in gastric volumes and putting the patients at increased risk of aspiration during sedation (107)
In infants, signs of a vitamin B12 deficiency include failure to thrive, problems with movement, delays in reaching the typical developmental milestones, and megaloblastic anemia
Clinical Recommendations If you have diabetes and are considering berberine: Never start berberine without discussing it with your GP or diabetes specialist nurse Increase blood glucose monitoring frequency if berberine is commenced Be vigilant for hypoglycaemia symptoms: sweating, tremor, hunger, confusion, or palpitations Your diabetes medication doses may require adjustment under clinical supervision Keep fast-acting glucose (e.g., glucose tablets, sugary drink) readily available and follow your local hypoglycaemia management plan NICE guidelines (NG28) for type 2 diabetes management do not include berberine as a recommended treatment option
Shift toward non-daily dosing and non-injectable routes: weekly injectables, oral tablets and pipeline transdermal/patch approaches are reducing treatment burden