International journal of endocrinology 2021, 2021:6676526
Lastly, patients with heart failure (HF), composite cardiovascular events (i.e., unstable angina, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, coronary stenting, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass), and clinically significant portal hypertension events (i.e., esophageal varices with and without bleeding, ascites, hepatic failure, hepatorenal syndrome, portal hypertension, liver transplant status, fibrosis, sclerosis and cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice) were excluded if they occurred before inclusion to the cohort or prior to the index event
:
Treatment options depend on the specific situation and may involve endoscopic procedures to remove the foreign body or repair any injuries or surgery in more severe cases
However, the absence of documented cases does not definitively exclude the possibility of an association, particularly given the relatively recent widespread use of semaglutide