Injury severity, age, metabolic health, protein intake, sleep quality, training load, inflammation, and rehabilitation strategy all matter
In the withdrawal trial, continuing preserved loss far better than switching to placebo, which regained about 14% over a year. The metabolic benefit fades in proportion to the weight regained, so a taper plus protein and resistance training beats a hard stop
They are particularly beneficial for vegetarians and vegans (since B12 is found primarily in animal products), older adults with reduced absorption capacity, individuals with digestive conditions such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, and anyone who has had gastric bypass surgery
Researchers may compare BPC-157 with materials such as TB-500, BPC-157 + TB-500, KPV, and GHK-Cu when the study design supports that comparison
Most absorption problems aren't treatable but a few are - notably h pylori infection - which would mean that once that has been dealt with you would be able to absorb B12 from your diet so wouldn't need maintenance shots for life