As a 16-amino-acid peptide, it would likely be degraded by digestive enzymes if swallowed
When Injections May Be Preferred B12 injections may be preferred when a patient has been advised that injections are suitable, when absorption is a concern, when deficiency has been confirmed and requires injection treatment, when tablets are not practical, or when a patient wants professionally administered support after a suitability check
Record the date of first vial entry and discard after 28 days regardless of remaining volume and the bacteriostatic preservation system provides a defined multi-use window, not indefinite sterility maintenance
Analytica Chimica Acta, 531 , 229237
[7] [9] Caution is advised in individuals with renal insufficiency or those on dialysis, as impaired clearance may increase the risk of accumulation and toxicity