Endnotes: The efficacy estimand represents efficacy had all randomized participants remained on study intervention (with possible dose interruptions and modifications) without initiating prohibited weight management treatments (and glycemic rescue therapy for glycemic endpoints only)

Comprehensive List of FDA-approved GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (as of mid-2025)Jun 14, 20252 min read All Available GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsBrand NameGeneric NameManufacturerOzempicSemaglutideNovo NordiskWegovySemaglutide (higher dose)Novo NordiskRybelsusSemaglutide (oral)Novo NordiskMounjaroTirzepatide (dual GLP-1/GIP)Eli LillyZepboundTirzepatide (weight loss)Eli LillyVictozaLiraglutideNovo NordiskSaxendaLiraglutide (higher dose for weight loss)Novo NordiskByettaExenatideAstraZenecaBydureon BCiseExenatide ERAstraZenecaAdlyxinLixisenatideSanofiTrulicityDulaglutideEli LillyEperzan / Tanzeum (withdrawn but notable)AlbiglutideGSK (discontinued) GLP-1 Comparison ChartNameBenefitsSide EffectsStudy LinksSemaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus)- Significant weight loss (up to 15%) - Lowers A1C ~1.5% - Cardiovascular protection (Ozempic) - Once-weekly (injection) or daily (oral)- Nausea - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Constipation - Risk of pancreatitisSTEP Trials (Wegovy) SUSTAIN Trials (Ozempic)Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound)- Weight loss up to 20% - Superior A1C reduction (~2%+) - Combines GLP-1 + GIP effects - Weekly injection- GI upset - Fatigue - Constipation - Gallbladder issues (rare)SURMOUNT Trials (Zepbound) SURPASS Trials (Mounjaro)Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)- A1C reduction ~1-1.5% - Weight loss up to 8% - Cardiovascular benefit (Victoza) - Daily injection- Nausea - Headache - Injection site irritation - Possible pancreatitisLEADER Trial (Victoza) SCALE Trial (Saxenda)Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)- A1C reduction ~1% - Weight neutral or mild loss - Twice-daily or weekly injection- Nausea - Hypoglycemia (esp

Given the higher prevalence of opioid use disorder and chronic pain among patients with cirrhosis, more data are needed on the safety, efficacy, and dosing of buprenorphine in this population for both indications
Two distinct forms of aldobiouronic acid were identified as the primary repeating disaccharide in ulvan samples
Liquid formulation for faster absorption