B12 and energy during caloric deficit There is a third, more practical role for B12
Unstable iron (mainly in the form of ferrous iron) can react with oxygen and produce ROS, such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which are related to lipid peroxidation and tissue damage induced through the Fenton reaction
Keep protein, water, and meals logged so low-fuel days are visible as an alternative explanation
A study published in the journal Hypertension looked at the presence of trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), a byproduct from digesting certain meat-based proteins in 100 adults and 22 young adults Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is derived from foods rich in choline, phosphatidylcholine, and betaine (e.g., red meat, eggs, milk, etc.) The researchers found that meat-eaters' TMAO levels rose significantly with age, as did signs of health-threatening tissue and blood vessel damage
Vials are properly lyophilised, no clumping