Notably, p38 MAPK is highly sensitive to oxidative signals, with low-dose H 2 O 2 sufficient to induce its rapid activation in muscle cells, preceding activation of catabolic regulators like FoxO and NF-B ( Once activated, p38 MAPK and JNK promote transcription of muscle atrophy-related genes
Mathi SK, Chan Y, Li X, and Wheeler MB
These authors suggest that it is unlikely that greater levels of propionate or carnitine in the blood stream or muscle tissue would reduce the production of power during the repeated sprints
Second, Dr Ashley Froese is the most evidence-aligned of the three, but still often leans on preclinical research and occasionally implies more practical certainty than the data justify
Supporting Study: Pickart, L., & Margolina, A