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NMN occupies a distinct and important position in anti-ageing IV therapy not as an alternative to NAD+, but as a complementary intervention with a growing and increasingly robust clinical evidence base
In vitro models reveal how MPs disrupt gut epithelial barriers and alter microbial metabolism, while in vivo studies demonstrate that these gut-level disruptions propagate to the brain, affecting neurochemistry and behavior
Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (A2023125-001) and conducted in accordance with the NIH guidelines for animal ethics
participants reported significant decreases in body weight (32)
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (2024) 10
