It is derived from a protein in the stomach and is purported to help healing of various tissues, including muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and even the gut
Patients typically receive the injection in a clinic or hospital setting
if neurological involvement is present, maintenance is every two months Oral therapy is generally not appropriate where absorption is impaired (e.g., pernicious anaemia), as adequate levels cannot be reliably achieved Because B12 is water-soluble and any excess beyond hepatic storage capacity is excreted in the urine, it has a low toxicity profile
For patients interested in a broader evaluation, spring is an excellent time for a comprehensive nutrient panel as part of a seasonal wellness reset especially if lingering fatigue and low energy have carried over from winter
It utilizes the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pKa values of the ionizable groups