The important side chain nucleophiles (in order from most to least nucleophilic) are Cys (RSH, pKa 8 \) summarizes nucleophilic addition and substitution at carbonyl carbons
In addition to Munger, key support for this study was provided by Wilmot investigators Brad Mills, PhD, and Brian Altman, PhD.
An early clinical study in chronic insomnia patients showed increased delta-wave power on overnight EEG recordings after DSIP administration (Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, Eur Neurol, 1983
It is also used off-label for conditions like septic shock, vasoplegia, and neurodegenerative diseases
As a naturally occurring peptide fragment, BPC-157 also lacks strong patent protection, which has likely reduced commercial incentive to fund the trials needed for FDA approval