This was the genius of the model
However, it is known that the placental dysfunction is often gradual and it can occur much earlier than any demonstrable IUGR[188], thus difficulting the resolution of this hypothesis
The premature arrest of brain growth in children with ASD has been observed [202], which can also be explained by abnormal activation of apoptosis
Moreover, cancer cells carrying mutations of succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydrolase or isocitrate dehydrogenase accumulate -KG competitors including succinate, fumarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively 43,49,50
Although not significant, this observation aligns with previous reports of decreased cytosolic pH in mitochondrial dysfunction models 34,38,39,40