Some may be used in research settings, compounded settings, or aesthetic contexts, but evidence quality, regulation, purity, dosing, and safety oversight can vary significantly
A Certificate of Analysis is available for each batch, with lot and expiry details
Selected recent literature for research reference: Coutinho LFD et al
GPs can prescribe B12 injections following appropriate investigation, which should include: Full blood count to identify macrocytic anaemia Serum B12 and folate levels to confirm deficiency (using laboratory-specific reference ranges) Methylmalonic acid and/or homocysteine when B12 results are borderline Intrinsic factor antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected Additional tests depending on clinical presentation (e.g., thyroid function, coeliac serology) When both B12 and folate deficiency are present, B12 should be replaced before folate to avoid precipitating subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
This is the standard for most GLP-1 self-injections