Statistical analysis All data were entered in Excel version 16.10 and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad Prism Software version 7.0 (San Diego, CA, USA)
HSCs express -smooth actin (-SMA) and increase the synthesis of type I and type III collagen, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and promoting the progression of liver fibrosis (Khomich et al., 2019)
Inhibition of protein kinase C prevents hepatic insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Between September and October 2024, adults aged 18 years or older who had used a GLP-1RA for at least a month were recruited
These clinical challenges are compounded by significant regulatory obstacles, including inconsistent bioavailability, batch variability, lack of standardization, and limited intellectual property protection for natural compounds