One of the hypotheses holds that epithelial enterocytes and renal proximal tubule cells swell when transporting some metabolites (Wilson, 2002, 2005)
48 Chiu, Y.-W., Chang, J.-M., Hwang, S.-J., Tsai, J.-C
It has a gel-like texture which makes it ideal in this heat
Thus, given that oral, but not intravenous, administration of butyrate decreased food intake in a manner that is dependent on gutbrain signaling 280 , SCFAs may activate VANs either directly or indirectly via gut peptide release 93,283
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