In diff-ARPE19 cells, a lower dose of MOTS-c can reduce the negative impact of hypoxia on cellular survival and gene expression, including apoptosis ( CASP3, CASP9 ), mitochondrial biogenesis ( TFAM, PGC-1 ), and metabolic sensor ( AMPK )
Moreover, in the presence of FA, ADH5 cells showed the early apoptosis marker phosphatidylserine (measured by Annexin V), a blockage of the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and sub-G1 DNA accumulation (Supplementary Fig
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Xu Y, Song M, Hong Z, Chen W, Zhang Q, Zhou J, et al
Glutathione works hard to protect mitochondria by eliminating these free radicals and keeps the oxidative stress in check, preventing chronic inflammation that can lead to various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and lupus