IGF-1 inhibits cartilage catabolism When OA occurs, the ECM, especially type II collagen and aggrecan, is degraded
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that can work in parallel with GPX4 to resist mitochondrial ferroptosis [80]
Factors Disrupting Appetite Management: Irregular Meal Timing: Skipping or inconsistently timing meals often leads to late-day overeating and intense cravings quickly
Lower Body Push: Squat variation (Bodyweight, Goblet Squat, Leg Press) Lower Body Pull: Glute Bridge or RDL variation (Bodyweight Bridge, Dumbbell RDL) Upper Body Push: Push-up variation (Wall, Knee, Full) or Dumbbell Floor/Bench Press or Chest Press Machine Upper Body Pull: Row variation (Band Row, Dumbbell Row, Seated Cable Row) Shoulders (Optional Add-on): Overhead Press variation (Dumbbell Press, Machine Press) or Lateral Raise (Band, Dumbbell) Core: Plank variation or Bird Dog Perform this routine on non-consecutive days
Risk of bias in included studies We used the RoB 2 tool to assess the risk of bias for each of the included studies