Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations [Ca 2+ ] c : Intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration CM-H 2 DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-Chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester ER: Endoplasmic reticulum Fura-2-AM: Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Oxidized glutathione HBSS: Hanks balanced salts HPSCs: Human pancreatic stellate cells H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide ROS: Reactive oxygen species RPSCs: Rat pancreatic stellate cells SERCA: Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase Tps: Thapsigargin -sma: Alpha-smooth muscle actin References Acua-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Venegas C, Daz-Casado ME, Lima-Cabello E, Lpez LC, Rosales-Corral S, Tan DX, Reiter RJ (2014) Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions
Micromachines 14(5):1017 Trenz TS, Delaix CL, Turchetto-Zolet AC, Zamocky M, Lazzarotto F, Margis-Pinheiro M (2021) going forward and back: the complex evolutionary history of the gpx
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Besides that, L-Glutathione is mostly used in a scientific manner, and it is used interchangeably in normal language
Table 2 The table illustrates the molecular structures of seven pharmacologically active phytochemicals identified in TCMs commonly applied in DKD management: Cordycepin ( Cordyceps sinensis ), Astragaloside IV ( Astragalus membranaceus ), Puerarin ( Pueraria lobata ), Gypenoside XVII ( Gynostemma pentaphyllum ), Triptolide ( Tripterygium wilfordii ), Notoginsenoside R1 ( Panax notoginseng ), and Osthole ( Cnidium monnieri )