DSIP doesn't appear to cause physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms
Ascorbate, dithiothreitol and TCEP reduce copper(II) to copper(I), and the donor set that stabilizes the divalent ion does not stabilize the monovalent one, so the complex is destroyed and the released copper becomes redox-active
This includes studying their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body, which dictates their bioavailability and efficacy
So for a hundred years, we've been trying to make a protein, a peptide-based molecule able to be absorbed orally
The formulas are rigorously tested and optimised to deliver results, so you know if you invest in one of these three serums, you're going to see visible benefits