The research literature focuses overwhelmingly on GHK-Cu because it's the form found naturally in human tissue
6e, all three GSSG-enhancing chemicals increased the levels of IKK--SSG adducts, suggesting that GSSG accumulation restrained IKK- activity by promoting IKK- S -glutathionylation, leading to subsequent NF-B suppression
Gclm KO mice are viable 17,18 , having 1540% of normal tissue GSH levels due to GCLC expression
This allows clear identification of which compound causes any effects
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1660890 Received 08 July 2025 Accepted 04 September 2025 Published 01 October 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Sarmistha Saha, GLA University, India Reviewed by Sidharth Mehan, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, India Pratibha Singh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India Updates Copyright 2025 Peng, Meng, Deng, Huang, Mao, Long, Yan, Peng, Wang and Liu