Miller J, Tamura R, Butler M, Kimonis V, Sulsona C, Gold J et al
The Injection (Subcutaneous) - Dosing: Once weekly - Bioavailability: ~100% (bypasses GI tract) - Weight loss in trials: Up to 22% at 36 weeks - Best for: Patients seeking maximum efficacy, comfortable with self-injection The Pill (Oral) - Dosing: Once daily (taken on an empty stomach, similar to Rybelsus) - Bioavailability: Lower than SC (relies on SNAC absorption technology) - Weight loss in trials: Up to 13.1% at 12 weeks (Phase 1 short duration) - Best for: Injection-averse patients, early treatment, maintenance, broader access The oral formulation will almost certainly deliver less weight loss than the subcutaneous version at equivalent treatment durations
Middle row : Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) regulates astrocytic water transport and is essential for glymphatic clearance
GLP-1 medicines can offer important benefits for selected people with type 2 diabetes, obesity, or weight related health risks
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