The acute anorectic effect of GLP-1 is mediated by GLP-1R located on vagal afferents (88), which relays the signal to appetite control centers, namely the NTS in the brainstem, to reduce food intake (89) (Figure 1)
Many people, including those over 50, on PPIs or metformin, or with GI conditions, produce insufficient intrinsic factor
This characteristic has allowed researchers to study its systemic biological effects across multiple experimental models
In all, researchers included 18,386 participants in the propensity score-matched cohort
At the cellular level, GLP-1 binding to GLP-1R activates the Gs protein, stimulating adenylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations