In vivo experiments further demonstrated that Irisin-loaded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly inhibited activation of the YAP/EGR1/ACSL4 signaling pathway in the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice, suppressed ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation, thereby mitigating ischemic brain injury ( In vitro experiments further confirmed that FGF21 protected HT22 cells from OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis, thereby attenuating neuronal injury (Zhao et al., 2025c)
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Membranes were visualized using WesternBright ECL HRP substrate (Advansta) or SuperSignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on a ChemiDoc TM Imaging System (Bio-Rad)
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Panel 5 (Multi-System Medical Uses): outlines common therapeutic applications, including treatment of symptomatic bradycardia, reduction of gastrointestinal spasms, and use as an ophthalmic mydriatic agent