Activation of GLP-1R by exendin-4 promoted the osteogenic differentiation, increased bone formation and osteoblast number and inhibited BMSC adipogenic differentiation, but wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), and GLP-1R sh-RNA partially blocked the exendin-4-induced PI3K/AKT signaling activation and attenuated the facilitating effect of exendin-4 in BMSCs (Figure 1)
10.1530/EC-16-0113 Endocr Connect
Informed consent Informed consent forms were obtained from all patients
The trial has been conducted across nine centers in Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom and is expected to be completed by October 2023
10 Symptoms include nausea, cramping, diarrhoea, dizziness, and sweating after eating