The liver stores B12, and these stores can last a significant time (up to several years for non-deficient individuals), but when they are depleted, it takes consistent input to rebuild and maintain them
Caffeine can have a diuretic effect, leading to increased urination and potential loss of vitamin B12
[5] A cell-based NAD + change should not be converted into a broad tissue-level or whole-organism safety conclusion unless the specific model, dose design, duration, tissue, analytical method, and endpoint context are clearly reported
This article surfaces that conflict directly rather than repeating just one figure
Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with high comorbidity of metabolic disorders in obese subjects: A Japanese single-center, retrospective study