doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11168 Sakuma S, Ishimura M, Yuba Y, Itoh Y, Fujimoto Y
Testing and Diagnosis: A proper B12 deficiency diagnosis should always be confirmed by blood tests, as symptoms alone can be misleading
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility at the cellular level
Subcutaneous administration in normal and metabolically dysregulated mice significantly inhibits NNMT activity in metabolically active tissues (adipose, liver, muscle), increases systemic NAD+ levels, enhances mitochondrial function, and improves energy metabolism
The human literature is best described as inconclusive rather than positive, and this compound cannot be characterised as improving sleep on the available evidence