At odds with the in vivo situation, Gpx4 depleted mice HSCs accumulated lipid hydroxy peroxides and underwent ferroptosis when cultivated ex vivo
The skin possesses multiple endogenous antioxidant systems, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, which play a critical role in protecting keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and extracellular matrix components from oxidative damage
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In parallel, emerging patient-derived organoid, xenograft, and ex vivo immune co-culture platforms provide increasingly realistic experimental systems for validating resistance mechanisms and testing personalized therapeutic strategies
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways: Role in cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapeutic approaches