Type-I IFN: Type-I IFN facilitates dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhances autoimmune T cell survival, and activates autoantibody-producing B cells, primarily through sustained IFN- production, autophosphorylation, and activation of the IFN- receptor (IFNAR)-associated Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) (87, 88)
A vast evidence supports the occurrence of reactions of metal ions with H 2 O 2 , and hydroperoxides in the cytosol and in biological membranes
This hypothesis is further supported when the osteogenic differentiation promoted by MOTS-c is reversed upon TGF-1 knockdown, indicating that MOTS-c's actions may be at least partly mediated through the TGF-/Smad pathway
Its small size gives it superior membrane permeability and potential oral bioavailability compared to conventional peptides
Ghigo E, Arvat E, Rizzi G, et al