In recent years, drugs in the ICIs subgroup, including anti-cytotoxic T Lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies (ipilimumab, tremelimumab), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), and anti-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab), have been approved for clinical use
Pen devices use the same liquid in a multi-dose cartridge with a click-set delivery volume
Peptides are sensitive to environmental factors, which may affect their effectiveness in finished products
Generic product-line COAs that do not reference a specific lot are insufficient
However, some researchers may want to use a nasal spray depending upon the research objective, design methodology, and nature of their test subjects