Tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules accumulate micro-injuries during heavy training blocks, especially during off-season volume phases
Lipid peroxidation products can diffuse across membranes, allowing the reactive aldehyde to covalently modify proteins localized throughout the cell and relatively far away from the initial site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation
In hypothalamus, sex steroids activate the GH-IGF1 axis, accelerating the growth and maturation of reproductive organs for puberty [46]
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It plays a critical role in cellular signaling, tissue repair, blood vessel formation, and the control of inflammation