In a recent study, administration of exendin-4, a long-acting GLP-1RA, stimulated -cell proliferation in juvenile human islets by inducing gene expressions of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling, a proliferating factor such as NFATC1, and a cell cycle regulator such as cyclin A1 [57]
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Inhibition of this enzyme can lead to pellagra, which, in these cases, may present with cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and ataxia (5, 12, 55)
-KG is an essential cofactor for -KG-dependent dioxygenases and is required for DNA and histone demethylation (amino acids involved in epigenetic modification will be addressed in section Amino Acid Metabolism and Epigenetics)