Expenditures for the evaluation and management of chronic constipation represent a significant burden on patients and payers, and it is important for clinicians to have a clear understanding of the different pathophysiological mechanisms associated with constipation, understand the different testing modalities and treatments that are available including their appropriateness and limitations, and tailor that knowledge to the management of individual patients
For example, if I am a patient looking to lose 10% of my body weight, the decision on which medicine to use might finally come down to price and its side effects rather than overall efficacy
This research is novel, evolving, and not sufficient to inform clinical recommendations
Mller cell gliosis, marked by an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), can cause excitotoxicity-induced cell death of RGCs [92]
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