Sampedros team (Sampedro et al., 2019) discovered in mice that treatment with GLP-1RAs resulted in a significant decrease in VEGF levels in the retina, kidneys, and systemic circulation
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
PMID 12355264
2.2.2.2 Emodin Emodin is an anthraquinone compound, and studies of glioma have shown that it increases the protein levels of TNF-, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL in vivo and in vitro , resulting in cell necroptosis (Zhou et al., 2020)
And it doesnt cause weight gain, is highly effective when taken consistently, doesnt cause hypoglycemia, and its relatively affordable. While the impact of metformin is significantly more subtle and gradual than that of GLP-1s, its still beneficial for almost anyone with diabetes, regardless of other medications