Systemically, compared with healthy individuals, individuals with insulin resistance have elevated plasma insulin levels, elevated plasma glucose levels and impaired glucose clearance in response to the same bolus of insulin
Tirzepatide and Dual-Peptide GLP-Squared Therapy Tirzepatide represents a newer class of GLP-1 receptor agonists that also activates GIP receptors, a second appetite-regulating pathway
Oral Semaglutide 25 mg: OASIS-4 Trial Orforglipron in Obesity: ATTAIN-1 Trial Orforglipron in Type 2 Diabetes: ACHIEVE-1 Trial Comparison With Rybelsus 14 mg Patient Case Variations Summary Table Key Takeaways Read More New NEJM Trials: Oral GLP-1 Therapies for Obesity and Diabetes Three new NEJM trials highlight the potential of oral GLP-1 therapies for obesity and diabetes

AD: Alzheimers disease cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate CSF: cerebrospinal fluid DPP-4: dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 DR: diabetic retinopathy GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1R: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor GLP-1RA: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist IIH: idiopathic intracranial hypertension IL-1beta: interleukin 1 beta NF-B: nuclear factor kappa B NO: nitric oxide PD: Parkinsons disease PINK1: protein phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 PKA: protein kinase A PPG: preproglucagon RGCs: retinal ganglion cells RPE: retinal pigment epithelium T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor alpha VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor Sohum S, AP, MF, MM, AR, RS, and Siddharth S: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writingoriginal draft
Patients tell me their joints ache less