They make better sense if GLP-1 is understood as part of a conserved system that dampens maladaptive reward intensity while improving metabolic efficiency
Preventing glucose absorption with phloridizin abolishes glucose-stimulated GIP secretion in healthy wild-type (Sykes et al., 1980) and Kir6.2 / mice (Ogata et al., 2014), even in the presence of a -methyl-D-glucopyranoside (Moriya et al., 2009)
This leads to fine lines, wrinkles, loss of firmness, sagging, enlarged pores, and uneven skin tone
Concomitant medications can affect overall glucose control
Based primarily on preclinical studies with limited human confirmation, GLP-1 receptors appear enriched in regions involved in autonomic control, feeding behavior, reward processing, and cognitive function