Patients should be aware that if they experience concerning symptoms whilst taking B12 supplements, they should discuss this with their GP and report suspected adverse reactions via the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme (yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk)
Furthermore, it is important to note that the olfactory epithelium in rats and mice is about 40%50% of the total nasal surface
In the liver, adequate Glutathione levels enable efficient toxin removal
It is possible that GspD is not limited to only these two activities, and is involved in additional transport processes, such as the release or uptake of low-molecular-weight substances, a possibility that is supported by observations of the diffusion of small molecular weight substrates through closed secretins 25,107
By fueling neurotransmitter synthesis, B12 enhances mental clarity and mood balance, reducing stress and improving focus