& Lehner, R
BPC-157 and TB-500 are extensively studied for joint and tissue repair
3.2 NAC enhances the osteogenic activity of precursor cells in the bone immune microenvironment Primary MSCs closely reflect the biological behavior of niche cells and are both ideal seeding cells and cell models in bone tissue engineering
For RTqPCR data, statistical significance was assessed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
1 Introduction Bone defects are commonly encountered in clinical practice and can arise from various causes, including trauma (e.g., fractures), age-related bone loss (e.g., osteoporosis), infections (e.g., osteomyelitis and periodontitis), cancer (e.g., surgical resection), genetic diseases (e.g., inherited bone marrow failure syndrome), and congenital defects (e.g., cleft palate)