No First-Pass Effect : Like injections, nasal delivery skips the livers first-pass metabolism
After we eat, the presence of nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and lipids) triggers the release of GLP-1 that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas while suppressing the release of glucagon, a hormone that promotes glucose release from the liver
Pure Peptide Factory operates under this framework exclusively
References How could Ozempic and its cousins change health care
CrossRef Citri Grandis Exocarpium with medicine and food homology: A review regarding its potential anti-obesity effects and future applications Peng-fei Li, Yuan-yun Du, Shao-long Zheng, Zheng-ming Qian, Jin-lin Zhou, Zhi-shu Huang, Yuan-jia Hu Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2026