We expect to see more pack trade-offs in potato chips, soft drinks and cold cereal but we also see outsized pack trade-offs in coffee and granola, which implies two emerging trends in the GLP-1 population: a general decrease in snacking, even for snacks usually considered healthy, and overall collateral damage that is spreading to categories that should not be greatly affected by GLP-1 status. In addition to their impact on the retail food and beverage market, oral GLP-1 medications are expected to account for 20% of total GLP-1 drug sales by 2031, with a pill market that is estimated to grow from $3.2 billion in 2025 to $34.3 billion in 2031, according to GlobalData.
The mechanisms include reduction of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, enhanced neurotrophic factor expression supporting neuronal survival, angiogenesis improving cerebral blood flow, and modulation of dopamine and serotonin systems
Higher concentrations may accelerate results but increase risk of temporary irritation
Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of study designs, sample sizes, and a paucity of long-term safety data highlight the need for standardized protocols and further high-quality trials
International Journal of Obesity (London) 45 (3), 464478 (2021) Y